ABSTRACT
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide and definitive therapeutics for treating cancer are not yet available despite extensive research efforts. The key challenges include limiting factors connected with traditional chemotherapeutics, primarily drug resistance, low response rates, and adverse side-effects. Therefore, there is a high demand for novel anti-cancer drugs that are both potent and safe for cancer prevention and treatment. Gallic acid (GA), a natural botanic phenolic compound, can mediate various therapeutic properties that are involved in anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer activities. More recently, GA has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities via several biological pathways that include migration, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis, and oncogene expression. This review discusses two aspects, one is the anti-cancer potential of GA against different types of cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms, the other is the bibliometric analysis of GA in cancer and tumor research. The results indicated that lung cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, and colon adenocarcinoma may become a hot topic in further research. Overall, this review provides evidence that GA represents a promising novel, potent, and safe anti-cancer drug candidate for treating cancer.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Colonic Neoplasms , Gallic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective::To study the spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-hepatoma activity of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, P. forrestii and P. vietnamensis, and to elucidate its effective substance. Method::HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of three extracts from the plant. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile (A)-water (B) for gradient elution (0-10 min, 20%A; 10-20 min, 20%-25%A; 20-30 min, 25%-30%A; 30-40 min, 30%-35%A; 40-50 min, 35%-40%A; 50-60 min, 40%A; 60-75 min, 40%-45%A; 75-80 min, 45%-60%A), and the flow rate was 0.9 mL·min-1. The UV detection wavelength was 203 nm. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) array was used to detect the inhibitory effects of three extracts on the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Cluster analysis and grey relational analysis were used to analyze the data of spectrum and efficacy, and to find out the components that contributed a lot to the anti-liver cancer effect. Result::A total of 11 common peaks were identified as common peaks among HPLC fingerprints of three kinds of Paris. After treated 72 h, P. forrestii has the highest inhibitory effect on the HepG2 cells, the IC50 of P. forrestii, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. vietnamensis were 148.33, 178.87, 208.09 mg·L-1, respectively. According to the grey relational analysis, the common peaks 1-10 from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis had great correlation to anti-tumor effect, and the common peaks 1-7 for P. forrestii, the common peaks 1-4, 6-10, N1 for P. vietnamensis, all the correlation degrees with IC50 were >0.7.Cluster analysis of variables in each Paris showed that peaks with correlation degree >0.7 could cluster with IC50. Conclusion::The established HPLC fingerprint method is reliable with good reproducibility. The peaks 1-4, 6 and 7 from three kinds of Paris have the greatest contribution to the anti-hepatoma effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the application of DNA barcode technology in identification of ethnic medicine Salvia yunnanensis and its related species, so as to provide reference for identification of S. yunnanensis. Methods A DNA barcode database of S. yunnanensis and its adulterants was successfully constructed. Data were analyzed by aligning sequences, analyzing variation sites, calculating genetic distances, and establishing Neighbor-Joining trees. The database was used to identify 45 S. yunnanensis decoction piece samples purchased from drug stores. Results The results showed that the ITS2 barcodes can be used to identify S. yunnanensis and its adulterants. Conclusion The use of DNA barcoding for market supervision can broaden the application of this technology and provide an excellent inspection method for the supervisory institutions. This study substantially contributes to the protection of public health worldwide.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze and determine heavy metal content in Paridis Rhizoma from different genus and localities,in order to provide a reference for selecting cultivation areas and establishing the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma of heavy metals content. Method:Microwave digestion method combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) method were applied to determine the contents of 6 heavy metals,i.e. As,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb and Cr in 39 samples of Paridis Rhizoma of different genus and localities in Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the differences of heavy metals contents in different localities and species. Result:The contents of six heavy metals in Paridis Rhizoma met the ISO international standard of Heavy Metal Limit of Traditional Chinese Medicine-traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials. Under the limited value standard of Green Trade Standards of Importing Medicinal Plants and Preparations,the over-standard rate of heavy metal As was 15.4%,the excess rate of Cd was 5.1%,and the excess rate of Pb was 2.6%. The contents of Cu and Hg conformed to relevant requirements. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis showed that for the same variety,differences in producing places had significant effects on heavy metal content,while differences in species had little effects. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that the heavy metal content of Paris planted in and around Dali basically conformed to relevant standards. The differences of heavy metal content in Paris were mainly regional differences,which provided a theoretical basis for standardizing the cultivation of medicinal materials and formulating the limit standards of heavy metals for Paridis Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To established an approach of chemical fingerprinting and study the differences of the polysaccharides from three species of Polygonati Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,so as to provide reference for quality evaluation and clinical application of Polygonati Rhizoma. Method:The polysaccharides were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation from Polygonati Rhizoma. After hydrolysis by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and pre-column derivation by PMP,the chromatographic fingerprints of three kinds of Polygonati Rhizoma were established by high performance liquid chromatography. The fingerprinting model and chemometrics method,include similarity analysis (SA),cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for compare the differences among three species. Result:There were some differences in the PMP-HPLC fingerprints and monosaccharide composition from the three species. The D-mannose,L-rhamnose and L-fucose were not detected,but they all contained D-galacturonic acid,D-glucosamine hydrochloride,D-galactose,D-glucose and D-xylose among three species. The PCA and HCA analysis showed that chromatographic fingerprints of P. cyrtonema and P. sibiricum were similar,while P. kingianum and other two species were significantly different. Conclusion:There are differences in fingerprints of polysaccharides among three species of Polygonati Rhizoma. The possible effects of species should be considered in clinical application. The established PMP-HPLC is a simple,accurate and reproducible method,which can be used for the quality evaluation of Polygonati Rhizoma.
ABSTRACT
Genus Polygonatum,belonging to the Liliaceae family,is mostly medicine food homology species,which have been documented as treating " dry mouth,less food,and internal heat and thirst" in medical ancient books. In traditional Chinese medicine clinic,it was used to treat diabetes,hyperlipemia and asa rehabilitation therapy of cancer. With deepening the basic research and industrial development of this genus,the bioactive component groups and their action mechanisms of prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complication continue to be revealed. By consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicine and modern literature,the research on the herbology,material basis and mechanism of the genus Polygonatum were reviewed. The result indicated that the plants of Polygonatum were used for the treatment of diabetes,based on the ancient herbal literature and modern research,the polysaccharides,flavonoids and saponins were their active ingredients. Among them,the significant chemical constituents of decreasing blood glucose were Polygonatum polysaccharides,and the flavonoids and saponins also have this function. Although some scholars have studied the anti-diabetic efficacy and material basis of genus of Polygonatum,the pharmacodynamics,mechanism and metabolic pathways are not clear. Therefore,further strengthening of the related research of genus of Polygonatum,especially use of modern scientific and technological research to clarify the material basis of its efficacy,and mechanisms,are crucial to accelerate the modernization and development of anti-diabetic drugs and utilization of genus of Polygonatum.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the differences of chemical constituents of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma and its closely related species,and to provide reference for the clinical application of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma. Method:Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA),cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to study the differences of components between Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma and its closely related species,and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to compare the differences of water-soluble components between them. Result:There were some differences between Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma and its closely related species acrcording to FTIR spectroscopy and HPLC fingerprint,especially the water-soluble polar components were more abundant in Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma than other species. The chemical components of Salvia trijuga,S. przewalskii and S. bulleyana were more similar in terms of their genetic relationship. The result showed that the Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma and its closely related species can be clearly distinguished by FTIR combined with chemometrics method. Conclusion:Compared with its closely related species,Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma has a unique chemical composition,which has great therapeutic potential for blood stasis. The FTIR combined with chemometrics model can be used for rapid identification of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix et Rhizoma and its closely related species.
ABSTRACT
By consulting literatures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), comparing data about the morphological description of several species from genus of Salvia, and combining the biological studies in resources,this paper made a textual research for the origin,name,medicinal history,functional dominance and folk application Salviae Yunnanensis Radix. This study aimed to provide a reference for further studies and utilization of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix. The findings revealed that the origin of Zidanshen recorded in ancient Chinese herbal literatures was S. yunnanensis,which were widely used for amenorrhea,dysmenorrhea,irregular menstruation,tumescent pain,limb numbness and many kinds of blood stasis. Relevant clinical application and modern pharmacological evidences of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix are mutually supportive,which indicates that TCM based on clinical experience has a high development value. The herbal literatures revealed that Salviae Yunnanensia Radix has a high research and development value in gynecology,blood stasis and other fields. We shall fully excavate folk experience in clinical application of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix. On this basis, we shall further strengthen relevant researches on material basis,pharmacodynamics and mechanism,in order to promote the utilization of resources and product development of Salviae Yunnanensis Radix.
ABSTRACT
The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. In the present study, we surveyed the species composition of commercial Radix Clerodendri Japonicum products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory method. A reference database for plant-material DNA-barcode was successfully constructed with 48 voucher samples from 12 Clerodendrum species. The database was used to identify 27 Radix Clerodendri Japonicum decoction piece samples purchased from drug stores and hospitals. The DNA sequencing results revealed that only 1 decoction piece (3.70%) was authentic C. japonicum, as recorded in the Dai Pharmacopeia, whereas the other samples were all adulterants, indicating a potential safety issue. The results indicate that decoction pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and that DNA barcoding is a suitable tool for regulation of Dai medicines.
Subject(s)
Clerodendrum , Classification , Genetics , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , Drug Contamination , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The study aims to analyze the varieties and standards of compositae medicinal plants used in Dai medicine. The results showed that there were 78 species (including varieties) compositae plants recorded in literatures, which belongs to 63 medicinal materials varieties. And 47 original plants (60.25%) were recorded in Chinese medicinal material standards. In those standards and literatures of Dai medicine, there are great differences in translated Chinese names, original plants, medicinal parts, and efficacy of medicinal plants. Therefore, the variety systematization and the quality standards of Dai medicine should be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a reference for the development and utilization of Dai medicine by investigate the present situation and existing problems of traditional Dai medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Combined with the previous relevant investigations and literature in the field, the key and the development direction of traditional Dai medicine were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The textual research, history, species, distribution, endangered resources, protection status etc. were elaborated and the key strategy of further investigation was expounded.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dai medicine resources should strengthen the basic research, such as the protection of traditional knowledge, the textual research, quality standard, chemical composition, biological activity, exploration of medicinal resources, especially monographic study on protection of major endangered medicinal resources should be intensified, which will be rise the level of development and utilization of Dai medicine resources.</p>
Subject(s)
China , Ethnology , Conservation of Natural Resources , History , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , History , Pharmacology , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , History , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
The paper reports the establishment of a method for simultaneous determination of peimisine and sipeimine contents in Fritillaria walujewii Regel and Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. The analyses were performed on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD), equipped with a binary solvent manager, a sampler manager and a column compartment, and connected to Waters Empower 2 software. An Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 microm) was used for all analysis. The investigated compounds were separated with gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.02% triethylamine-water. The temperature of sample manager was set at 25 degrees C. Drift tube temperature was 40 degrees C, and spray parameter was 40% with injection volume of 1 microL. The investigated compounds including peimisine and sipeimine had good linearity (r > or = 0.9991) over the tested ranges. The average recovery was 94.5% and 98.1% with RSD < or = 2.36%. The UPLC-ELSD method is simple, sensitive and accurate with good repeatability, which is available for quality control of F. walujewii Regel and F. pallidiflora Schrenk.